Essay on The Coorelation between Drug Tolerance and the...

The Coorelation between Drug Tolerance and the Environment When considering the dynamics of brain and behavior, another component that enters the equation is environment. If brain equals behavior then changes to either should result in an altercation to the other component. The question that arises is whether a change in the environment produces change in brain chemistry and therefore, behavior. A connection between brain, behavior and environment may be observed in the context of drug tolerance. There are a collection of questions that seem essential to consider when attempting to correlate the brains development of an observable drug tolerance and the environment. †¢ Does the environment affect drug tolerance? How? †¢ What†¦show more content†¦A delayed recovery to the initial stimuli would be expected if the receptors were numerically or physically altered. However, after terminating a drug treatment, a delayed recovery to the initial stimuli has not been observed. Instead, the body readapts to the drug-free state (2). Furthermore, reactions that are almost directly opposite to the desired effect of the drug are observed. These reactions are termed withdrawal symptoms and are observed when no drugs are administered and compensatory processes operate unopposed (2). If the nervous system provides compensatory responses, then the question arises as to whether environmental cues initiate the response. Environmental cues that initiate responses were observed by the Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936). Pavlov made initial observations pertaining to classical conditioning. Pavlov correlated environmental cues and physiological changes as he observed dogs salivating in response to a collection of cues that signaled feeding time. Without the stimulus of food present, there was an observable response to the anticipated stimuli as the dogs salivated in preparation for the emanate arrival of food (3). Siegel et al. (1982) applied Pavlovs model of classical conditioning to the administration of drugs (4). Siegel et al. observed that the anticipated stimuli signaled by environmental cues provided an additional drug tolerance. An experiment was designed with

Individuals vs. Society Essay - 1001 Words

An individual’s role in society can vary with the number themes the characters exhibit. When there are signs of fate, cruelties, weaknesses, and desires for justice and catharsis the role of an individual becomes more complicated. In Antigone, most of those themes are shown thus a single person’s influence or role on society is very small and complicated to attain. However in The Lottery the society has most of the control and there is not many signs of those characteristics so the role of a person is simplified because they are nothing compared to the society combined. Finally, in The Penalty of Death, there are signs of many of the themes but since it is the societies influence against that of an individuals, it is simplified because†¦show more content†¦He is too proud and arrogant to change his ways like when Teiresias warns him of his fate yet he refuses and says, â€Å"Whatever you say, you will not change my will.† Due to Creon’s unchalleng ed law and sentence, Antigone yearns for justice to be enforced on him. There is a very good example where she states, â€Å"But if the guilt lies upon Creon who judged me, then, I pray, may his punishment equal my own.† With all of these themes in the story, it further complicates the role of an individual on society. The Lottery has a many themes that the characters or group of characters show. There was fate because no on really knew who would be picked, and when Tessi Hutchinson was picked, it was because of fate. This fate is different than the kind of fate shown in Antigone. In Antigone, the person’s actions controls their fate, while in The Lottery there is no action shown which can lead to her fate. It is an act of randomness. Tessi Hutchinson had a weakness which was that she kept on saying, â€Å"It isn’t fair!† and all sorts of excuses like that to prevent her family or herself from being picked, even though she had gone through the lottery many times before without saying anything. Her weakness is that she cared too much for herself and her family in a society where one person’s opinion doesn’t matter and it is a dog-eat-dog world. One can clearly tell that, by ourShow MoreRelatedIndividuals vs. Society1024 Words   |  5 PagesAn individuals role in society can vary with the number themes the characters exhibit. When there are signs of fate, cruelties, weaknesses, and desires for justice and catharsis the role of an individual becomes more complicated. In Antigone, most of those themes are shown thus a single persons influence or role on society is very small and complicated to attain. However in The Lottery the society has most of the control and there is not many signs of those characteristics so the role of a personRead MoreIndividual vs Society on Suicide860 Words   |  4 PagesIndividuals must have the power to decide if they want to put an end to their life. Suicide might be the only solution to someone’s problem. Some would say it is a selfish act, but all the people do selfish things through their lives. Unbelievably committing suicide is illegal in some states. But to be more specific actually attempting suicide is illegal, because if it is done you are dead, but in case of failure, the person would face more drama in their life. A suicidal person is sufferingRead MoreIndividual Vs. Society; Antigone885 Words   |  4 PagesStructure is needed for a society to thrive. Without it, people would do anything they pleased, with little consideration or concern for others. Structure, usually in the form of laws created by a person of power, is what keeps a group of people together, and allows for peaceful order between these individuals. Laws, however, can sometimes be corrupted by the one that is governing them. Although these laws may go against what is good for the people, fear can often times effect the way a populationRead More INDIVIDUALS VS SOCIETY IN THE MIDDLE AGES Essay1759 Words   |  8 PagesINDIVIDUALS VS SOCIETY IN THE MIDDLE AGES The feudal society of the Middle Ages, from 300 AD – 1300AD, created instability that resulted in civil wars and the Crusades. This culture is what caused the changes and development of individuals and their society. Feudalism was a type of government in which political power was treated as a private possession and was divided between many lords during the Middle Ages. Only nobles were to rule until knights could build up lordships. 1 Empires wereRead MoreThe Theme of the Individual vs Society in A Dolls House and Hedda Gabler1976 Words   |  8 PagesIndividual vs Society in A Dolls House and Hedda Gabler      Ã‚  Ã‚   George Brandes once insisted that the only way literature could be made into a vital and living piece of art would be by subjecting problems to debate Indeed, it was the `problem at the heart of Henrik Ibsens plays that caused most of the controversy that surrounded them. Whereas other theatrical productions of Ibsens time adhered to a standard plot and set of characters, Ibsen chose to break free of conventions by introducingRead MoreEssay about The Individual vs. Society in Mrs. Warrens Profession1546 Words   |  7 PagesOften in life there is a conflict between what is good for the individual and the moral values placed upon the individual by society.   This is true of the characters in George Bernard Shaws play Mrs. Warrens Profession.   Shaw clearly demonstrates that actions frowned upon by society are not necessarily evil so long as they benefit the individual.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps the most obvious example of societal morals conflicting with individual need is the case of Mrs. Kitty Warren.   Mrs. Warren is a womanRead MoreHofstede s Four Cultural Dimensions With Fons Trompenaars Models1560 Words   |  7 Pagespublic handles disparities among individuals. Power Distance is the degree to which the least capable individuals from associations and establishments (like the family) acknowledge and it is the extent to which power is to be expected that it is dispersed unequally. Individualism (IDV) vs Collectivism: For this dimension says that the people are incorporated into gatherings. In individualistic social orders, the anxiety is put on individual accomplishments and individual rights they worry about themselvesRead MoreErickson s Theory On The 8 Stages Of Development Essay1143 Words   |  5 Pages(morals of society that are learned), whilst Erickson focuses on the role of culture and society, and the conflicts it can create in the ego itself (McLeod, 2013; McLeod, 2016). Erickson’s theory established that personality develops and builds upon each previous stage, an idea called the epigenic principle (McLeod, 2013). This theory is separated into 8 stages, and are as follows; 1: Trust vs. Mistrust, 2: Autonomy vs. shame, 3: Initiative vs. Guilt, 4: Industry vs. Inferiority, 5: Ego Identity vs. RoleRead MoreThe Four Types of Conflict in Shattered851 Words   |  4 Pagesmany problems going on in the society. There are many types of conflicts th at are going on around him. The four types of conflicts going on in the book are Human vs. Society, Human vs. Self, Human vs. Human and Human vs. Self. The one conflict that is really making this story apparent is Human vs. Society due to the Rwandan genocide. The Human vs. Self, Human vs. Human, Human vs. Self are the other conflicts that are making this story interesting after the Human vs. Society conflict. 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School Counselor Analysis Free Essays

School Counselor Analysis Siobhan (Sam) Garrett PSY/435 April 17, 2013 Healey Irked Title of Paper In order to do a proper analysis on a school counselor one must know what he or she does on a daily basis. This is to conduct a job analysis for a school counselor and discuss how it will be used within the school system. Next to determine the reliability and validity of the school counselor analysis. We will write a custom essay sample on School Counselor Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then the performance and appraisal methods that apply to being a counselor will be evaluated. Finally the benefits and vulnerabilities of each performance appraisal method will be explained. This will provide a full job analysis of a school counselor and what their job entails. Job Analysis For this job one would conduct a job oriented analysis. This is the analysis type that provides the nature of the tasks done on the job (Spector, 2012). The school counselor is there to provide the services that the children need. He or she will provide assessment and screenings, group and individual counseling with school staff, parents, outside agencies, and design remedial education programs (National Association of School Psychologist,  2012). The counselor is part of the team that decides what the students eligible for appropriate programming, special services, and ad on-going progress. Some of the responsibilities of the school counselor are as follows. Evaluate and screen children and selecting appropriate instruments, writing reports that show the evaluation findings, and administering tests (National Association of School Psychologist,  2012). This helps the funding for the programs. Have a conference or meeting with the staff, parents, or child about the progress he or she is making and say hat kind of material is needed for the betterment of the child’s learning experience. The counselor should always be available to students who really need to speak with her for private matters concerning the welfare of the home and school environment. Provide direct services such as in general education settings, classroom presentations, and adapting materials needed for the student in the classroom (National Association of School Psychologist,  2012). Documents student’s levels of performance and reevaluate as needed to see where the student has gained and where the student still needs work. Supervise the assigned Para-educators (National Association of School Psychologist,  2012). The counselor must deal with constraints and obstacles positively. He or she must learn to use new performance and approaches in his or her duties. This is just a portion of the requirements of the student counselor. Reliability and Validity The reliability of this information is good because not only did it come from a woman who works as a school counselor it was backed up by information found online and cited so that the information could be looked up and referred to if needed. The validity of this is also good because it has been documented on many webpages including the N. A. S. P. Therefore it is a valid and reliable source and information from the source. The source has been a school counselor for many years although she will not disclose exactly how many. Performance appraisal methods Some of the objective measures that a school counselor can be appraised with are simple measures. These include showing up for work every day on time with no excuses. This will result in less missed days which should be rewarded because the less they are absent the more they are able to be there for the students that need them that day. If they are there for the student then the student may not end up missing any days which is also a plus so it has like a snowball effect. Another way is avoiding accidents. By avoiding accidents the school does not have to turn in accidents to insurance companies and has less bills and debts owed out at the end of the year therefore not just helping the counselor know what he or she is dong but also the school itself would benefit from this. Finally productivity or the number of people the counselor sees and helps on a daily basis. The more students the counselor sees the more of them can get back to their everyday lives and living happy and everyone will leave them alone. This could even result in less bullying in the halls and after school. The ways that the subjective measures of job performance can evaluate ones job performance is in the graphic rating form which assesses individuals on several dimensions of performance. This is like rating your job performance on a scale of one to ten. The boss may make a performance rating on your job to tell the person how he or she is doing that week. The behavior focused rating scale can be used to focus on ones behavior on the job. If a person has a good attitude then they may get a good behavior score. If he or she has a bad attitude he or she may get a bad rating on the behavior score. This depends on the way the person acts and behaves while doing his or her job. Other members of the staff may also rate ones behavior on the job. This will help the boss determine if they are getting along with you or if he or she is causing trouble or are not well liked among your fellow employees. They may make observations on ones performance as well. If he or she is doing a good job a terrible job or just a good enough jobs then he or she can be rated on that performance. Benefits and Vulnerabilities. The benefits and vulnerabilities of these can be simple or even drastic. These are more beneficial if one is doing his or her job correctly. If he or she is doing the job correctly then he or she will get good ratings and be able to have a good score and then job will continue to strive from that person doing it. On the other hand if he or she is not doing a good job the he or she could get bad marks and the job could even suffer from the lack of effort that person is putting into the job. The children could even suffer in this particular job if the job is not done correctly. Another way this could be a bad thing is if a person was to get bad marks but was actually doing a good job. The people he or she is working with may just have a problem with him or her and could give bad marks because of that. Conclusion In conclusion, a school counselor’s job duties include making sure all of the children who her help and assistance need get it in every aspect of school. This is a reliable and valid source and information because not only did the information come from the subject it also came from several other sources. This person is judged on her performance from day to day not on showing up, looking nice, and being courteous but also on the actual performance itself. If he or she does her job, looks nice, and keeps the people she works with happy hoe or she should be able to keep the job and make a good living at it. Level three heading. Replace the level three heading with the words for your heading. The heading must be in bold font. References National Association of School Psychologist. (2012). what is a School Psychologist. Retrieved from http://www. nasponline. org/about_sp/whatis. aspx Spector, P. E. (2012). Industrial and organizational psychology: Research and practice (6th Ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. How to cite School Counselor Analysis, Papers